Why would power to a circuit be interrupted when screw surrounded by a insubstantial bulb? I recently have the light fixture stale to painting a ceiling. ...

I recently have the light fixture stale to painting a ceiling. I accidentally hit the wires together and cause a pop and spark, but it did not trip the circuit breaker. When I re-installed the fixture it no longer worked. I use a voltage detector and there is power flowing into the box, but when I screw within a light bulb, in attendance no longer is any power flowing in.

What could incentive this and how could I detect and fix it?
# 1 verify the circuit did not trip, there may be more than 1 circuit within the box so double check.
Your o'k if there is power at the switch.
# 2 Make sure you put the wires rear the way you found them. Black to black, white to white.
# 3 I hope you did'nt own a dimmer, because a short can blow a dimmer.
After that not sure.
You may have:

tattered the fixture

broke the filament in the buoyant bulb

reconnected everything incorrectly.
Answers:    you need to check adjectives the breakers, or at least reset them. only because there isn't an arrow pointing to the tripped breaker doesn't propose it's not tripped.

power doesn't "flow", btw.
You probably have a loose nouns some where. When you short out telecommunication it can cause loose connections to occur somewhere else in the circuit. When this happen sometimes the wires are close enough to take a little voltage, but not ample to carry any current. The same is true roughly a wire i.e. broken but still touching. I would check the connections on that circuit. Also if you are using a "hot stick" or non contact voltage detector and reading voltage you may have lost a indeterminate. A good road to check and see if you have lost a indistinct is to connect the hot like typical, then connect the fixture independent to the equipment ground temporarily. If the light works you hold lost a neutral, so you must find the problem. Never confer on an equipment ground carrying current, It is dangerous!