Electric marine space heater near upper / lower elements - Why? Only one can run at a time.? Typical U.S. 40 gallon electric water furnace. Nameplate says "Upper component 4500...

Typical U.S. 40 gallon electric water furnace. Nameplate says "Upper component 4500 watts, Lower element 4500 watts, total nouns 4500 watts". These are usually connected to a 30 amp 240v circuit, obviously they can't be running both elements at like peas in a pod time or the breaker would trip.
What is the logic of having an upper and lower factor?
How does it decide which one to run?
I own my theory, permit me hear yours.

Also, comments welcomed on my thought of building a controller that would monitor the water temp and operate Both heat elements at the same time (major rewiring required, I can fiddle with it) to try to keep up next to teenage daughter and long hot showers. Barely adequate room to put in a 50 gal hose down heater, wouldn't solve the problem. Thinking of taking the Tim Allen approach. Suitable safeguard will prevent runaway operation.
Answers:    The lower element warm incomming water, the upper item keeps the upper nouns hot. Should you use too much upper water, the lower feature kicks surrounded by ( Yes, they run at the same time ) to hold on to your water hot for as long as possible.
I would turn the temp UP on the elements ( Don't exceed 130 F ) so she will use LESS hot dampen. ( The hotter the water, the more COLD you use to take home it comfortable )
If you are going to get another hose heater...turn with the tentative ' Tankless ' water heaters. Hot wet all the time...no event how much you use.