When pruning a maple tree brances, how close should I cut consequently to the trunk? In other words, how long should the stubs be left? On one...

In other words, how long should the stubs be left? On one foot, I heard I don't want them right up to the trunk as it's desperate for the tree; on other, it doesn't look good if they are sticking out.

Please push for.
Since I see nothing surrounded by your question that indicates it is a japanese maple afterwards it must be either a intricate maple or a soft maple.
If it's a soft maple most people over top off/prune and do severe damage and disease making it indispensable to remove the entire tree because of weakness.
Hard maple is if truth be told the best.
My opinion is if it's soft maple cut it down very soon and put hard maple surrounded by.
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Problems: Maples may be troubled by borers, aphids, scales, leaf spots, pitch spot, anthracnose, bacterial leaf sear, canker and collar rot. Some fast-growing maples (red and silver maple) are soft-wooded (¡°soft maples¡±) and prone to breakage in rime storms. Slow-growing maples have knotty wood (¡°hard maples ¡±) and require less conservation.
http://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheets/HGIC1...
Images of cuts in this association
http://www.treehelp.com/howto/howto-prun...


From:
http://www.gardenaction.co.uk/plantfinde...

"Japanese Maple trees are fine without any pruning, they will form their raw shape with no call for for your intervention.

They do appreciate a bit of help though when the internal area become over-crowded. This can stop air circulating and spawn the trees more prone to fungal diseases. Every two or three years when the leaves have fall, prune out any diseased or damaged wood. If the inside part of the tree looks overcrowded, prune some of the stems and smaller branches, but keep up the overall shape of the tree."
Answers:    there is a swelling, or thicken at the base of the branch where on earth it joins the trunk of the tree...it's call the ' branch collar'...it is in that nouns that your cut can heal the best and it's close enuff that over time, as the trunk increases contained by size that the stub doesn't stick out much.... read here....

http://www.na.fs.feed.us/spfo/pubs/howtos...

lots of good info in that.. including the --'next'--pages.....be advised, maple pruning should be carried out when the tree is within full leaf.... deferred summer to early autumn... otherwise it will bleed greatly of sap and the cut will not heal as efficient.....